Herpes zoster, commonly known as shingles, is a viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus responsible for chickenpox. After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus can remain dormant in nerve tissue. Years later, it can reactivate as shingles. This condition is characterized by a painful rash that usually appears as a stripe of blisters on one side of the body or face.

The risk of shingles increases with age, especially in individuals over 50, or in those with weakened immune systems. Early treatment with antiviral medication can reduce the severity and duration of symptoms. Pain management, through medications, rest, and cool compresses, can provide relief. Vaccination is also an effective preventive measure, particularly for older adults, to reduce the incidence and severity of herpes zoster.